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Pemmasani Nayaks
Pemmasani Nayakas were a martial clan in the south Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. They came into prominence during Vijayanagar times as rulers of Gandikota.〔''Rayavachakam'' by Viswanatharaya Sthanapati (Telugu)〕〔Vijayanagara, Burton Stein, Cambridge University Press, 1989, p.88, ISBN 0-521-26693-9〕 The Pemmasani warriors were one among the Kamma clans previously serving Kakatiya dynasty as army commanders and migrated to Vijayanagar in 1370 CE after the downfall of Musunuri Nayaks in Warangal.〔''Kammavari Charitra'' (in Telugu language) by K. B. Chowdary, 1939. Revised Edition, 2006, Pavuluri Publishers, Guntur,India〕
==Origin==
Pemmasani Nayaks were Kamma Kings. The hard earned independence of Telugu land came to an end in fifty years with the martyrdom of Musunuri Kaapaaneedu in 1370 A.D at the hands of Velamas who colluded with Bahmani sultan (Musunuri Nayaks).〔A Forgotten Chapter of Andhra History, M. Somasekhara Sarma, 1945, Andhra University, Waltair〕 A large number of remaining Nayaks who served under Kaapaaneedu migrated to Vijayanagar and sworn allegiance to Bukka Raya, a close associate of Kapaneedu in protecting the Hindu dharma in Dakshnapatha (Deccan). Among them, Pemmasani clan which earned laurels for their bravery and defense of Vijayanagar Empire in the coming four centuries was the most illustrious. Generations of Pemmasani clan were commanders for various dynasties of Vijayanagar Empire.〔Vijayanagara, Burton Stein, Cambridge University Press, 1989, p.92, ISBN 0-521-26693-9〕 The Pemmasani lineage can be traced from PemmasaniVenkatapati Nayudu, father of Timma Nayudu. Proudha Devaraya gifted the Yadaki Paragana to Timma Nayudu in 1431 as recognition of his valour in many a battle with Muslims. Timma was instrumental for the victory in the battle of Gulbarga in which Proudha Devaraya defeated Ahmed Shah.〔Quarterly Journal of Mythic Society, Vol. XXX, No.2, p. 186〕 The forts of Yadaki, Gutti and Gandikota are the symbols of Pemmasani Nayaks. During the heyday, their control extended from Krishna up to Anantapur districts. The annual income was twenty five lakhs of rupees out of which nine lakhs of rupees were paid as tribute to the Vijayanagar kings.〔Pemmasanivari Charitramu (Telugu), M. Lakshminarasima Sarma〕 The ancestors of Pemmasani clan (Gothram: Musunulla) belonged to Bellamkonda in ancient Kammanadu (Present Guntur and part of Prakasam Districts). A branch of Pemmasani clan belong to Musunulla gothram which point out their origin from the village Musunuru in Krishna district and their possible relation to the Great Musunuri Kamma Nayaks.
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